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Background and Context: The Technical Working Group on Formalization in Iraq (TWG) was formally established during its first meeting held on 17 February 2025 in Baghdad, following the National Conference “Pathways to Formalizing Iraq’s Informal Economy” held in October 2024. The TWG brings together representatives from the Government of Iraq, workers’ organizations, employers’ associations, the European Union (EU), and international partners to guide the transition towards a formal economy and the expansion of social security coverage. The first TWG meeting reviewed recommendations from the national conference, discussed sectoral and geographical priorities, and agreed on initial measures such as forming a national steering committee, advancing legal and administrative reforms, piloting tripartite regional committees, and prioritizing sectors with high levels of informality. It was implemented through the European Union-funded Social Protection Programme for Iraq, "Leveraging Effective...